DHEA production gradually increases from age 10, peaks during the 20s, and slowly decreases into old age. DHEA is an important source of estrogen for women. It is also produced in small amounts by the ovary and testes. Both the hormones stimulate glycogenolysis, lipolysis and proteolysis. DHEA is produced from cholesterol by the outer layer of the adrenal glands.These are released under stress conditions and are called the emergency hormones or hormones of fight or flight. The two adrenal glands sit above the kidneys and produce hormones that control the stress response, blood pressure, blood sugar levels, salt water balance and more.The medulla produces the catecholamines which include the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).Androgens are also produced by the adrenal cortex and they are responsible for the growth of facial hair, pubic hair etc.,.Cortisol also has anti-inflammatory activity and has the ability to suppress the immune response.Glucocorticoids control the blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and proteolysis.Cortisol, cortisone and corticosterone are the glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex.Aldosterone acts by stimulating the reabsorption of water and sodium and also causes excretion of potassium and phosphate ions.Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex.Glucocorticoids regulate the carbohydrate metabolism.Mineralocorticoids regulate water and electrolyte balance.Two types of corticoids are produced Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids.The hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called the corticoids.Hormones of the Adrenal gland The adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla regions of the kidneys secrete several hormones that have a wide range functions in the body.
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